20.6.05

CARTA ABERTA




CARTA ABERTA AO ENGENHEIRO JOSÉ SÓCRATES

Esta é a terceira carta que lhe dirijo. As duas primeiras, motivadas por um
convite que formulou mas não honrou, ficaram descortesmente sem resposta. A
forma escolhida para a presente é obviamente retórica e assenta num direito
que o Senhor ainda não eliminou: o de manifestar publicamente indignação
perante a mentira e as opções injustas e erradas da governação.

Por acção e omissão, o Senhor deu uma boa achega à ideia, que ultimamente
ganhou forma na sociedade portuguesa, segundo a qual os funcionários públicos
seriam os responsáveis primeiros pelo descalabro das contas do Estado e pelos
malefícios da nossa economia. Sendo a administração pública a própria
imagem do Estado junto do cidadão comum, é quase masoquista o seu
comportamento. Desminta, se puder, o que passo a afirmar:

1. Do Statistics, in Focus n.º 41/2004, produzido pelo departamento oficial de estatísticas da União Europeia, retira-se que a despesa portuguesa com os salários e benefícios sociais dos funcionários públicos é inferior à mesma despesa média dos restantes países da Zona Euro.

2. Outra publicação da Comissão Europeia, "L'Emploi en Europe 2003", permite comparar a percentagem dos empregados do Estado em relação à totalidade dos empregados de cada país da Europa dos 12. E que vemos? Que em média, nessa Europa, 25,6 por cento dos empregados são empregados do Estado, enquanto em Portugal essa percentagem é de apenas 18 por cento. Ou seja, a mais baixa dos 12 países, com excepção da Espanha. As ricas Dinamarca e Suécia têm quase o dobro, respectivamente, 32 e 32,6 por cento. Se fosse directa a relação entre o peso da administração pública e o défice, como estaria o défice destes dois países?

3. Um dos slogans mais usados é o do peso das despesas de saúde. A insuspeita OCDE diz que na Europa dos 15 o gasto médio por habitante é de 1458 €. Em Portugal esse gasto é... 758 € Todos os restantes países, com excepção da Grécia, gastam mais que nós. A França 2730 €, a Áustria 2139, a Irlanda 1688, a Finlândia 1539, a Dinamarca 1799, etc.

Com o anterior não pretendo dizer que a Administração Pública é um poço de virtudes. Não é. Presta serviços que não justificam o dinheiro que consome.Particularmente na Saúde, na Educação e na Justiça. É um santuário de burocracia, de ineficiência e de ineficácia. Mas, infelizmente para o país,os mesmos paradigmas são transferíveis para o sector privado. Donde a questão não reside no maniqueísmo em que o Senhor e o seu ministro das Finanças caíram, lançando um perigoso anátema sobre o funcionalismo
público. A questão reside em corrigir o que está mal, seja público, seja privado. A questão reside em fazer escolhas acertadas. O Senhor optou pelas piores. De entre muitas razões que o espaço não permite, deixe-me que lhe aponte duas:

1. Sobre o sistema de reformas dos funcionários públicos têm-se dito barbaridades. Como é sabido, a taxa social sobre os salários cifra-se em 34,75 por cento (11 por cento pagos pelo trabalhador, 23,75 por cento pagos pelo patrão. Os funcionários públicos pagam os seus 11 por cento. Mas o seu patrão Estado não entrega mensalmente à Caixa Geral de Aposentações, como lhe competia e exige aos demais empregadores, os seus 23,75 por cento. E é assim que as "transferências" orçamentais assumem perante a opinião pública não esclarecida o odioso de serem formas de sugar os dinheiros públicos. Por outro lado, todos os funcionários públicos que entraram ao serviço em
Setembro de 1993 já verão a sua reforma calculada segundo os critérios aplicados aos restantes portugueses. Estamos a falar de quase metade dos activos. E o sistema estabilizará nessa base em pouco mais de uma década.

Mas o seu pior erro, Senhor Engenheiro, foi ter escolhido para artífice das
iniquidades que subjazem à sua política o ministro Campos Cunha, que não teve pruridos políticos, morais ou éticos por acumular aos seus 7000 euros de salário os 8000 de uma reforma conseguida com seis anos de serviço. E com a agravante de a obscena decisão legal que a suporta ter origem numa proposta de um colégio de que o próprio fazia parte.

2. Quando escolheu aumentar os impostos, viu o défice e ignorou a economia. Foi ao arrepio do que se passa na Europa. A Finlândia dos seu encantos baixou-os em quatro pontos percentuais, a Suécia em 3,3 e a Alemanha em 3,2. Porque não optou por cobrar os 3,2 mil milhões de euros que as empresas privadas devem à segurança social? Porque não pôs em prática um plano para fazer andar a execução das dívidas fiscais pendentes nos tribunais tributários e que somam 20.000 milhões de euros? Porque não actuou do lado dos benefícios fiscais, que em 2004 significaram 1000 milhões de euros? Porque não modificou o quadro legal que permite aos bancos, que duplicaram lucros em época recessiva, pagar apenas 13 por cento de impostos? Porque não revogou a famigerada Reserva Fiscal de Investimento e a iníqua lei que permitiu à PT Telecom não pagar impostos pelos prejuízos que teve... no Brasil, o que, por junto, representará cerca de 6500 milhões de euros de receita fiscal perdida?

A verdade e a coragem foram atributos que Vossa Excelência invocou para se diferenciar dos seus opositores. Quando subiu os impostos, que perante milhões
de portugueses garantiu que não subiria, ficámos todos esclarecidos sobre a
sua verdade. Quando elegeu os desempregados, os reformados e os funcionários
públicos como principais instrumentos de combate ao défice, percebemos de que
teor é a sua coragem.


Santana Castilho, Professor do Ensino Superior

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